![]() ![]() The area produced the best quality weapons found in Central and Northern Europe. Swords of the 8th to 10th centuries are also termed " Carolingian swords", while swords of the late Viking Age and the beginning High Middle Ages (late 10th to early 12th centuries) blend into the category of Norman swords or the early development of the knightly sword.ĭuring the Viking age, the Carolingian Empire was central for advanced swordsmithing. The association of the name " Viking" with these swords is due to the disappearance of grave goods in Christian Francia in the 8th century, due to which the bulk of sword blades of Frankish manufacture of this period were found in pagan burials of Viking Age Scandinavia, imported by trade, ransom payment or looting, while continental European finds are mostly limited to stray finds in riverbeds. 830.Īlthough popularly called "Viking sword", this type of sword was produced in the Frankish Empire during the Carolingian era. Terminology Two men armed with swords, detail of an illustration from the Stuttgart Psalter (fol. The Viking Age or Carolingian-era sword developed in the 8th century from the Merovingian sword more specifically, the Frankish production of swords in the 6th to 7th century and during the 11th to 12th century in turn gave rise to the knightly sword of the Romanesque period. The Viking Age sword (also Viking sword) or Carolingian sword is the type of sword prevalent in Western and Northern Europe during the Early Middle Ages. U.S.Two 10th-century sword hilts (Petersen type S) with Jelling style inlay decorations, with reconstructed replicas, on display in Hedeby Viking Museum.Viking sword or Carolingian sword: early medieval spatha.Seax: shortsword, knife or dagger of varying sizes typical of the Germanic peoples of the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages, especially the Saxons, whose name derives from the weapon.Paramerion: Eastern Roman Byzantine sword.Curtana: a medieval term for a ceremonial sword.Arming sword: high medieval knightly sword.Ring-sword (ring-spatha, ring-hilt spatha), Merovingian period.Xyele: The short, slightly curved, one-edged sword of the Spartans.Xiphos: Greek one-handed, double-edged Iron Age straight shortsword.3rd century BCE Gaul/Germania – Migration Period. Spatha: Celtic/Germanic/Roman one-handed double-edged longsword – blade 50–100 cm (20–39 in) – for thrusting and slashing, used by gladiators, cavalry and heavy infantry.Rhomphaia: Greek single-edged straight or slightly curved broadsword – blade 60–80 cm (24–31 in) – for slashing (primary) and thrusting.Makhaira: Greek one-handed, single-edged shortsword or knife for cutting (primary) and thrusting.Kopis: one-handed single-edged sword – blade 48–60 cm (19–24 in) – with forward-curving blade for slashing.3rd century BCE Roman Republic – late Roman Empire. Gladius: Roman one-handed double-edged shortsword for thrusting (primary) and slashing, used by legionaries (heavy infantry) and gladiators, and late Roman light infantry.Falx: Dacian and Thracian one-handed or two-handed single-edged curved shortsword for slashing.Falcata: one-handed single-edged sword – blade 48–60 cm (19–24 in) – with forward-curving blade for slashing.Harpe: mentioned almost exclusively in Greek mythology.Via the Mameluke sword this also gave rise to the European cavalry sabre.Įuropean swords Ancient Europe The Ancient Greeks and Romans also introduced various types of swords, see #Ancient Europe.Īll of the Islamic world during the 16th to 18th century, including the Ottoman Empire and Persia were influenced by the " scimitar" type of single-edged curved sword. Chereb ( חֶרֶב, modern Hebrew khérev): ancient Israelite sword mentioned 413 times in the Hebrew Bible.South Asian Swords Bhutan īladed Weapons of Indian subcontinent Swords and knives found in Southeast Asia are influenced by Indian, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and European forms. Nimcha (18th century Morocco and Algeria)Īsian swords East Asian swords China.Mameluke sword (18th to 19th century Egyptian).This is not a general List of premodern combat weapons and does not include the machete or similar "sword-like" weapons.Īfrican swords North African swords The term sword used here is a narrow definition. JSTOR ( November 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message). ![]() Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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